Foreword by
General Sir Rupert Smith KCB DSO OBE QGM
About the Author
Notes
About this Book
United Kingdom’s Official Secrets Act
DA-Notice
Pictorial Content
List of Abbreviations and Terminology
Preface
Topics Not Included
The Aim of this Book
The Responsibility for Another One’s Life
Introduction
Hollywood Representation – The Illusion of Competence
Specialists
The Role of Close Protection
Chapter 1
Historical Development of Bodyguarding & Close Protection
The 47 Ronin – A Lesson in Loyalty – The Ako Incident
British Military Elite Units and Civilian Police Close Protection
Special Air Service BG Course
Royal Military Police Close Protection Unit
Chapter 1 (Cont'd)
Royalty and Diplomatic Protection Department
Main Terrorist & Criminal Attacks – A Historical Snapshot 44BC – 1998
Chapter 2
‘Upper Echelons’ of Close Protection Operatives in the United Kingdom
British Government Assigned Close Protection
Government Intelligence & Support
Police Protection Command
SO1 Specialist Protection
SO6 Diplomatic Protection Group
SO14 Royalty Protection
The British Prime Minister and The Royal Family
The Special Escort Group (SEG)
British Diplomats and Military Commanders in High Risk Locations
Chapter 3
What Makes a Good Close Protection Operative?
Requirements & Attributes
THE BODYGUARD – how he stands – where he puts his hands
Minimum Age & Life Experience Requirements
Mental & Physical Fitness Requirements
Training & Selection Objectives
General Attitude and Bearing
Appearance and Blending In – The Basics
Appearance and Blending In – Operational
Chapter 4
Close Protection – The Basics
Personal Security
Personal Situational Awareness
The Colours of Awareness State – ‘Cooper’s Colours’
Situation awareness – Accept the threat exists
Avoid routine
Follow security procedures
Exercise common sense and initiative
Remain anonymous or show of strength
Chapter 5
Composition of a Close Protection Team
The Close Protection Team Leader
Second in Command
Personal Escort Section
Level One
Duties of the PES
Planning
Level Two (CAT - Counter Attack Team)
Composition
Equipment
Duties of the PES Level Two
Planning
Security Advance Party
Planning
Reconnaissance
Dress
Vehicles
Recce Reports
Chapter 5 (Cont'd)
Surveys
The Location
The Operation
CP Team Member Responsibilities
Team Q
Vehicles
Medical
Communications
Overall Team Member Responsibilities
Bodyguard
Role
Responsibilities
Personal Escort Section (Level 1)
Role
Responsibilities
Personal Escort Section (Level 2/ CAT)
Role
Security Advance Party
Role
Responsibilities
Residence Security Team
Role
Responsibilities
Chapter 6
The Role & Responsibilities of the Bodyguard
The Close Protection Team Bodyguard (CPT BG)
Role
The Individual Bodyguard (IBG)
Principles
Considerations
Pre-op Preparations
Appearance
Etiquette, Protocol and the Principal’s Staff
The Reputation of One is the Reputation of Many
Delusions of Grandeur
Outlook of CP from the Boss’ Perspective
Chapter 7
Threat, Risk & Vulnerability Assessments
Risk = Threat + Vulnerability
The Purpose of a Threat & Risk Assessment in a CP Environment
How do we Actually Quantify It?
Assets Identification
Threat Assessment
Risk Assessment
Vulnerability Assessment
Recommendations
Why is the Principal a Target?
The Surveillance Threat
Chapter 8
Operational Planning – ‘Could’ve. Should’ve. Would’ve’.
Why Do We Have A Plan?
Operational Planning Cycle
Notice of Intended Travel
Categories of Protection
Levels of Protection
Chapter 9
Residence & Estate Security
Residences of Principals
The ‘Four-D Package’
Outer Cordon
Intermediate Cordon
Inner Cordon
BG/ RST
Recommendations
Composition of the RST
Initial Actions by the CPTL
Actions by the RST (Non - Permanent Residences)
Actions by the RST (Permanent Residences)
Internal Features of a Residence
VIP Suite
Guest Rooms
Public Rooms
Staff Quarters
Ops Room & RST Accommodation
Residence Security – Worst Case Scenarios
Media Intrusion
Sniper
Chapter 9 (Cont'd)
Multiple Simultaneous Perimeter Breach
Residence Security Over-run – Multiple Hostiles in Grounds and Unsighted
Fight Through
Containment
Chapter 10
Fitness & Unarmed Combat Training
Physical Training
Physical Resilience & Mental Fortitude
Mobility & Physical Impairments
Close Protection Medical & Physical Fitness Assessments
The SIA Influence
The Drivers Medical Group
Unarmed Combat Training (Close Quarter Combat/ CQC)
Principles of CQC
Action Beats Reaction
Aspects of Conflict
Control & Restraint – It’s Place?
Chapter 11
Close Protection Communications
The Basis of all Operations and Planning
Team Comms
Radio
Wired
Wireless
One-Way Communication Systems
Full Duplex Communication
Chapter 11 (Cont'd)
Digital or Analogue
Hytera X1
Radio Voice Procedure
Carriage of Comms and Ancillaries
IPod Style Ear Buds
Transmitter
Mobile Phones
Chapter 12
Reconnaissance
Introduction
Conduct of Ops
SAP Briefing & Recce with Drivers
Liaison
Phots, Video & Mapping
PUP’s & DOP’s
Routes
Scheduled & Unscheduled Locations
Private & Commercial Air Terminals, POC’s
Hotels
Restaurants
Offices
Other Locations
Hospitals
Police Stations & Government Buildings
Local Crime/ Local Threats
Operational Movement in Detail
Chapter 13
Walking Drills Skills
Team & IBG Walking Skills – A Practical Consideration
Close Protection Operational Tactics, Techniques & Procedure
Prior knowledge available of the Boss’ presence in a given area by the threat – (scheduled or unscheduled)
Time of day and length of walk
Areas walking/ to be walked
A busy or quiet street scene and densely crowded areas
‘The Elastic Band & Coiled Spring Effects’
Vehicles passing
Vehicles parked
Open areas – flat & undulated terrain
Large department stores and small shops (entrances and inside)
The Store Entrance
Inside
The Store Exit
Small Shops
Escalators
Elevators
Stairways
Hotels
As a guest
As a visitor
Drop off nearest to hotel entrance
Vehicles to remain as close to the hotel entrance as possible
Chapter 13 (Cont'd)
Points to note
Boss enters the hotel
Boss meets with associate in lobby
Designated office buildings
Other residences
Dinner parties, ‘red carpet’ events & media presence
Crossing roads
Street corners
Subways
Tramps & street beggars
The Beach
Running
Route Recce
SAP
The Event
Restaurants
Scheduled
Unscheduled
Nightclubs
Accompanying person(s); family members including children, other well known personalities
CPT vehicles
Walking Formations
Textbook Flaws
Thinking outside the box
Chapter 14
Use of Close Protection Vehicles
Introduction
Reasons for a VIP protection driver
Reasons for a Back-up vehicle
Vehicle selection
Area of Use
Role of Use
Armoured vehicles
History
Current Standard
Principles of vehicle protection
The ‘Real World’
The Threat versus The Protection
European Normalisation Standards (EN)
National Institution of Justice (NIJ)
European B Standard
Run-Flat Tyres
‘Custom’ soft skin vehicles
Reinforced windows
Tinted windows
Current Legislation for Window Tints – The Law
Implications for the vehicle owner
Disabling vehicles airbags
Rear View Mirrors & Vehicle CCTV DVR
Ramming Bars
Disabling interior lighting
Chapter 15
Advanced Driver Training
Knowing your vehicle
Vehicle search
Immediate area search (IED’s)
Under-Vehicle IED’s (UVIED), Trackers & Bugs
Police Advanced Driving - ‘Road craft’
Standard Response
Advanced
Observation
The Police System of Car Control
Close Protection Observation
SIA Statement
Working with employed chauffeurs
Use of door locks
Use of seatbelts
Use of windows
Positioning in the vehicle
Chapter 16
Tactical Driving (Protective Mobile Skills)
Introduction
Reasons for Tactical Driving
Stationary & Mobile Positioning
Driving for the Boss
Driving in Convoy
Positioning & Observation
Convoy Control
Lane Procedures
Specific Training for the Theatre of Operation
Chapter 17
Vehicle Embus & Debus
Introduction
Types of embus/ debus drills
Orthodox method
Unorthodox method
Principles
Vehicle positioning (Embus)
Vehicle with Manual Gear Shift
Vehicle with Automatic Gear Shift
PES deployment
Escape routes
BG positioning
Discreet ‘Standby’
Sequence of a Debus
Sequence of an Embus
Embus/ Debus Considerations
Event factors
Official Engagements
Private Engagements
Unscheduled Engagements
Profile influence
Low Profile
High Profile
SAP
Light control
Principal control
Insecure locations
Crowd control
Principal’s image
Chapter 17 (Cont'd)
Flexibility
Vehicle positions
PES positions
CP Team positions (Secure venue – orthodox debus)
CP Team positions (Insecure venue – orthodox debus)
CP Team positions (Secure venue – unorthodox debus)
CP Team positions (Insecure venue – unorthodox debus)
Joint US/ Chinese Government Team Embus Critique, (Ex-President George W Bush)
High-Threat Protection Convoy’s
Media Embus & Debus
Chapter 18
International Travel & Equipment
Actions on notice of Intended Travel
Schedule
Passports
2 Passports
Visas
Local currency
Hotel accommodation
Vehicles
Team attachments
Armoured vehicles
Weapons
Commercial Flights
Clothing & Equipment
Operational Kit
Chapter 19
Private Aircraft
Passage of information
Luggage accountability
Counter-Surveillance
Heli-moves
Chapter 20
Super Yachts, Mega Yachts & Giga Yachts
CPT’s Knowledge & Understanding
The layout of the ship’s deck
The ship’s crew, personalities & responsibilities
The security systems installed
The ship’s travel and port schedule
International Ship Port & Facility Code, (ISPS)
Maritime security industry
Close Protection on yachts
Surveillance Detection
Chapter 21
Use of Weapons in CP Training & Operations
Close Quarter Battle (CQB)
Types of weapons
Military & Police Protection Units
Difference in operating methods between RMP CP, Police & SAS
Attitudes to firearms training
Individual qualities for CQB programs
Chapter 21 (Cont'd)
Operational Planning for the Area(s) of Deployment/ Operational Environment
Weapon sourcing & selection
Procedures in ‘difficult’ countries
Weapon Concealment, Covert Carriage, Comms and Ancillaries, Bags & Vests
Holsters
Use of Covert Weapon Bags, Harnesses & Vests
The Basic Safety Rules & Fundamentals of CQB
The cardinal firearms safety rules
Training for the Area(s) of Deployment/ Operational Environment
Maximising training effectiveness
Advanced applications
The aimed shot
The instinctive shot
Fire & manoeuvre
Weapons Use & CP Operations in the United Kingdom
Prohibited weapons and ammunition in the United Kingdom
Can you conduct pre-deployment weapons training in the UK for operational countries requiring refresher shoots, team drills and tactics?
.22lr Rifles
Real Action Marker (RAM) Systems
Blank firing weapons
UK Violent Crime Reduction Act
Offensive Weapons
Chapter 21 (Cont'd)
UK Law
S 141 Criminal Justice Act 1988 (Offensive Weapons) Order 1988
Telescopic Truncheon (ASP Baton)
Stun Guns
CS Spray
Rules of Engagement (ROE)
Use of Force
ROE for the CPT/ PSD
Weapons – A Professional Embarrassment
Chapter 22
Close Protection Medic Training, Administration & Considerations
Medical Training
Disclaimers?
Advanced Procedure – Chest Drains
Casualty Evacuation/ Extraction (CASEVAC)
Medical Coverage
Reaction to Attack Training
Equipment
IBG Team Member Illness
Vaccinations
Chapter 23
Operational Situational Awareness
Operational Planning & Operational Observations
Involuntary Attention
Voluntary Attention
Habitual Attention
Interpretation
Signs of Danger
Ambush
Ambush principles
Ambush siting
Springing the ambush
Chapter 24
Surveillance
Intrusive Surveillance
Skills of a Typical Operator
HUMINT
Mobile Phones
Computers
Audio Transmission
UHF Transmitters
GSM Transmitters
GSM ‘Interceptor’ Landline & Room Listening Device
UHF Mini Telephone Transmitter
Video Transmission
GSM 3G Cameras
Chapter 24 (Cont'd)
Vehicle Tracking Devices
Passive versus active tracking
RF (Radio Frequency) trackers
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) Trackers
GPS (Global Positioning System) Trackers
Electro-Magnetic Radiation
Laser Listening Device
Near Silent Drill
Other Government & Commercial Surveillance Devices
Chapter 25
Surveillance Awareness
Composition of a Surveillance Team
The 5 Main Types of Surveillance
Commercial Influence on Surveillance Operations
The Pick Up
Methods of insertion and types of OP
Rural location
Urban location
Vehicle position
Foot position
The Follow
Communications
Target identification
Commentary
The Housing
The CP Mind-set Towards Surveillance
Chapter 26
Countering the Effects of Surveillance
Counter Surveillance
Anti-Surveillance
The Effect of Surveillance on CP Operations
The Amount & Manner in which Travel is Conducted by the Boss
Vehicle
Vehicle information
Private Aircraft
Private Yacht
The Presence and Level of all Residence, Office and Vehicle Security
The Security Awareness and Integrity of all Household, Administrative and Associated Staff
Operational Procedure by the CPT
Web based
The Electoral Register
Anti/ Counter Surveillance
Countering vehicle tracking devices
Tracker jammers
GPS tracker jammer
VHF Lo-Jack tracker jammer
Bomb Jammers
UHF/ VHF radio & mobile phone jammers
Technical Surveillance Counter Measures (TSCM)
The threat
Oscor 5000E
Oscor Blue
Oscor Green
Chapter 26 (Cont'd)
Orion Non-Liner Junction Detector (NLJD)
Searchlight GSM Detector
Hostile Activity Detection & Response
Counter surveillance team (CST)
Options after positively identifying
The response
Hostile Surveillance Planning Cycle
Planning cycle
Needs of an attacker
Proactive Actions of Anti & Counter Surveillance
Chapter 27
Covert Protection Operations: Protective Surveillance, Counter Surveillance and Counter Attack Team
Protective Surveillance
Surveillance Detection
Prior to Embus
The Move
The Debus
Counter Surveillance
The Effectiveness of Reaction to Attack (Actual & Perceived)
The Counter Attack Team
Chapter 28
Reaction to Attack – An Introduction
React to What You See
Embus Reaction To Attack Options
Debus Reaction To Attack Options
Pre-Attack Recognition & Identification Markers
Principles of Reaction To Attack
Remove or Reduce the Threat
Place Assets Between the Threat and the VIP
Remove the Principal from the Threat
Types of Attack
Chapter 29
Reaction to Attack – IBG
A Static Action? – You may as Well be a ‘Figure 11 Target’
‘Splitting’ the Targets – Getting off the ‘X’
IBG Fire & Manoeuvre
Chapter 30
Reaction to Attack – CPT
CPT RTA & Extraction Drills
The Theory of Body Cover & Evacuate
Commercial Mistakes
Immediate Action Drills
Open Ground
Pairs Fire & Manoeuvre
Problems
Stoppages
Secondary threats
Killed or injured PES
Injured Principal
Chapter 31
Reaction to Attack – Vehicle Anti-Ambush
Introduction
Principles of Vehicle Anti-Ambush
Vehicle Anti-Ambush Drills
Response options
One Car Drills
Drive Through (Gunmen Side)
Actions by the driver
Actions by the BG
Drive Through (Block Front - Gunmen Front)
Rapid Block Front/ Gunmen Front
Actions by the driver
Actions by the BG
Block Front – Not immediately confirmed hostile – Beware the decoy
Actions by the driver
Actions by the BG
Block Front and Rear (Gunman threat) – no drive through
Two Car Drills
Drive Through (Gunmen Side)
Drive Through (Block Front - Gunmen Front)
Reverse Out (Block Front - Gunmen Front - No Drive Through)
Block Front & Rear - No Drive Through
Block Front (No Drive Through - Immobilised VIP Vehicle)
Chapter 31 (Cont'd)
Vehicle Immobilisation
Actions inside the vehicle
Actions outside the vehicle
Counter Attack Team Drills
CAT Going Firm
CAT Flanking Attack
CAT Attack The Threat(s)
Three Car Drills
3-Car Convoy Positions
Reverse Out (Block Front - Gunmen Front - No Drive Through)
Attacking the Ambush
City Congestion
Chapter 32
Close Protection Team Leaders
Close Protection & Corporate Security - Effective Emergency Decision-Making for the Team Leader/ Security Manager
Leadership
Chapter 33
The United Kingdom Security Industry Authority, (SIA) Commercial Close Protection Licensing – A Travesty in the Making and a Warning for the Future
The Need For Regulation
Licensing Close Protection - SIA Training Core Competencies
Accreditation of Prior Learning (APL)
A Derogatory Debacle
Points to Note
The Omissions & Absence of Understanding the Provision of Close Protection
SIA Training Limitations
The SIA Consultation Process - It Takes Two to Quango
The More the SIA Thinks, the More I Think They Shouldn’t Think More
Close Protection - Future Regulation and Standards
Epilogue