Close Protection

Foreword by
General Sir Rupert Smith KCB DSO OBE QGM

About the Author

Notes

About this Book

• United Kingdom’s Official Secrets Act

• DA-Notice

• Pictorial Content

List of Abbreviations and Terminology

Preface

• Topics Not Included

• The Aim of this Book

• The Responsibility for Another One’s Life

Introduction

• Hollywood Representation – The Illusion of Competence

• Specialists

• The Role of Close Protection

Chapter 1

Historical Development of Bodyguarding & Close Protection

• The 47 Ronin – A Lesson in Loyalty – The Ako Incident

• British Military Elite Units and Civilian Police Close Protection

  • Special Air Service BG Course

  • Royal Military Police Close Protection Unit

Chapter 1 (Cont'd)

• • Royalty and Diplomatic Protection Department

• Main Terrorist & Criminal Attacks – A Historical Snapshot 44BC – 1998

Chapter 2

‘Upper Echelons’ of Close Protection Operatives in the United Kingdom

• British Government Assigned Close Protection

  • Government Intelligence & Support

  • Police Protection Command

  • SO1 Specialist Protection

  • SO6 Diplomatic Protection Group

  • SO14 Royalty Protection

  • The British Prime Minister and The Royal Family

  • The Special Escort Group (SEG)

  • British Diplomats and Military Commanders in High Risk Locations

Chapter 3

What Makes a Good Close Protection Operative?

• Requirements & Attributes

• THE BODYGUARD – how he stands – where he puts his hands

• Minimum Age & Life Experience Requirements

• Mental & Physical Fitness Requirements

• Training & Selection Objectives

• General Attitude and Bearing

• Appearance and Blending In – The Basics

• Appearance and Blending In – Operational

Chapter 4

Close Protection – The Basics

• Personal Security

• Personal Situational Awareness

  • The Colours of Awareness State – ‘Cooper’s Colours’

  • Situation awareness – Accept the threat exists

  • Avoid routine

  • Follow security procedures

  • Exercise common sense and initiative

  • Remain anonymous or show of strength

Chapter 5

Composition of a Close Protection Team

• The Close Protection Team Leader

• Second in Command

• Personal Escort Section

  • Level One

    • Duties of the PES

    • Planning

  • Level Two (CAT - Counter Attack Team)

    • Composition

    • Equipment

    • Duties of the PES Level Two

    • Planning

• Security Advance Party

  • Planning

  • Reconnaissance

  • Dress

  • Vehicles

  • Recce Reports

Chapter 5 (Cont'd)

• • Surveys

  • The Location

  • The Operation

• CP Team Member Responsibilities

  • Team Q

  • Vehicles

  • Medical

  • Communications

• Overall Team Member Responsibilities

  • Bodyguard

    • Role

    • Responsibilities

  • Personal Escort Section (Level 1)

    • Role

    • Responsibilities

  • Personal Escort Section (Level 2/ CAT)

    • Role

  • Security Advance Party

    • Role

    • Responsibilities

  • Residence Security Team

    • Role

    • Responsibilities

Chapter 6

The Role & Responsibilities of the Bodyguard

• The Close Protection Team Bodyguard (CPT BG)

  • Role

• The Individual Bodyguard (IBG)

• Principles

• Considerations

• Pre-op Preparations

• Appearance

• Etiquette, Protocol and the Principal’s Staff

• The Reputation of One is the Reputation of Many

• Delusions of Grandeur

• Outlook of CP from the Boss’ Perspective

Chapter 7

Threat, Risk & Vulnerability Assessments

• Risk = Threat + Vulnerability

• The Purpose of a Threat & Risk Assessment in a CP Environment

• How do we Actually Quantify It?

  • Assets Identification

  • Threat Assessment

  • Risk Assessment

  • Vulnerability Assessment

  • Recommendations

• Why is the Principal a Target?

• The Surveillance Threat

Chapter 8

Operational Planning – ‘Could’ve. Should’ve. Would’ve’.

• Why Do We Have A Plan?

• Operational Planning Cycle

• Notice of Intended Travel

• Categories of Protection

• Levels of Protection

Chapter 9

Residence & Estate Security

• Residences of Principals

• The ‘Four-D Package’

• Outer Cordon

• Intermediate Cordon

• Inner Cordon

• BG/ RST

• Recommendations

• Composition of the RST

• Initial Actions by the CPTL

• Actions by the RST (Non - Permanent Residences)

• Actions by the RST (Permanent Residences)

• Internal Features of a Residence

  • VIP Suite

  • Guest Rooms

  • Public Rooms

  • Staff Quarters

  • Ops Room & RST Accommodation

• Residence Security – Worst Case Scenarios

  • Media Intrusion

  • Sniper

Chapter 9 (Cont'd)

• • Multiple Simultaneous Perimeter Breach

  • Residence Security Over-run – Multiple Hostiles in Grounds and Unsighted

  • Fight Through

  • Containment

Chapter 10

Fitness & Unarmed Combat Training

• Physical Training

  • Physical Resilience & Mental Fortitude

  • Mobility & Physical Impairments

• Close Protection Medical & Physical Fitness Assessments

  • The SIA Influence

  • The Drivers Medical Group

• Unarmed Combat Training (Close Quarter Combat/ CQC)

  • Principles of CQC

  • Action Beats Reaction

  • Aspects of Conflict

  • Control & Restraint – It’s Place?

Chapter 11

Close Protection Communications

• The Basis of all Operations and Planning

• Team Comms

• Radio

  • Wired

  • Wireless

  • One-Way Communication Systems

  • Full Duplex Communication

Chapter 11 (Cont'd)

• • Digital or Analogue

    • Hytera X1

  • Radio Voice Procedure

  • Carriage of Comms and Ancillaries

  • IPod Style Ear Buds

  • Transmitter

  • Mobile Phones

Chapter 12

Reconnaissance

• Introduction

• Conduct of Ops

• SAP Briefing & Recce with Drivers

• Liaison

• Phots, Video & Mapping

• PUP’s & DOP’s

• Routes

• Scheduled & Unscheduled Locations

• Private & Commercial Air Terminals, POC’s

• Hotels

• Restaurants

• Offices

• Other Locations

• Hospitals

• Police Stations & Government Buildings

• Local Crime/ Local Threats

• Operational Movement in Detail

Chapter 13

Walking Drills Skills

• Team & IBG Walking Skills – A Practical Consideration

  • Close Protection Operational Tactics, Techniques & Procedure

  • Prior knowledge available of the Boss’ presence in a given area by the threat – (scheduled or unscheduled)

  • Time of day and length of walk

  • Areas walking/ to be walked

  • A busy or quiet street scene and densely crowded areas

    • ‘The Elastic Band & Coiled Spring Effects’

  • Vehicles passing

  • Vehicles parked

  • Open areas – flat & undulated terrain

  • Large department stores and small shops (entrances and inside)

    • The Store Entrance

    • Inside

    • The Store Exit

    • Small Shops

  • Escalators

  • Elevators

  • Stairways

  • Hotels

    • As a guest

    • As a visitor

      • Drop off nearest to hotel entrance

      • Vehicles to remain as close to the hotel entrance as possible

Chapter 13 (Cont'd)

• • • • Points to note

      • Boss enters the hotel

      • Boss meets with associate in lobby

  • Designated office buildings

  • Other residences

  • Dinner parties, ‘red carpet’ events & media presence

  • Crossing roads

  • Street corners

  • Subways

  • Tramps & street beggars

  • The Beach

  • Running

    • Route Recce

    • SAP

    • The Event

  • Restaurants

    • Scheduled

    • Unscheduled

  • Nightclubs

  • Accompanying person(s); family members including children, other well known personalities

  • CPT vehicles

  • Walking Formations

    • Textbook Flaws

    • Thinking outside the box

Chapter 14

Use of Close Protection Vehicles

• Introduction

• Reasons for a VIP protection driver

• Reasons for a Back-up vehicle

• Vehicle selection

  • Area of Use

  • Role of Use

• Armoured vehicles

  • History

  • Current Standard

  • Principles of vehicle protection

  • The ‘Real World’

  • The Threat versus The Protection

  • European Normalisation Standards (EN)

  • National Institution of Justice (NIJ)

  • European B Standard

  • Run-Flat Tyres

• ‘Custom’ soft skin vehicles

  • Reinforced windows

  • Tinted windows

    • Current Legislation for Window Tints – The Law

    • Implications for the vehicle owner

  • Disabling vehicles airbags

  • Rear View Mirrors & Vehicle CCTV DVR

  • Ramming Bars

  • Disabling interior lighting

Chapter 15

Advanced Driver Training

• Knowing your vehicle

  • Vehicle search

  • Immediate area search (IED’s)

  • Under-Vehicle IED’s (UVIED), Trackers & Bugs

• Police Advanced Driving - ‘Road craft’

  • Standard Response

  • Advanced

• Observation

• The Police System of Car Control

• Close Protection Observation

• SIA Statement

• Working with employed chauffeurs

• Use of door locks

• Use of seatbelts

• Use of windows

• Positioning in the vehicle

Chapter 16

Tactical Driving (Protective Mobile Skills)

• Introduction

• Reasons for Tactical Driving

• Stationary & Mobile Positioning

• Driving for the Boss

• Driving in Convoy

• Positioning & Observation

• Convoy Control

• Lane Procedures

• Specific Training for the Theatre of Operation

Chapter 17

Vehicle Embus & Debus

• Introduction

• Types of embus/ debus drills

  • Orthodox method

  • Unorthodox method

• Principles

  • Vehicle positioning (Embus)

  • Vehicle with Manual Gear Shift

  • Vehicle with Automatic Gear Shift

  • PES deployment

  • Escape routes

  • BG positioning

  • Discreet ‘Standby’

  • Sequence of a Debus

• Sequence of an Embus

• Embus/ Debus Considerations

  • Event factors

    • Official Engagements

    • Private Engagements

    • Unscheduled Engagements

  • Profile influence

    • Low Profile

    • High Profile

  • SAP

  • Light control

  • Principal control

  • Insecure locations

  • Crowd control

  • Principal’s image

Chapter 17 (Cont'd)

• • Flexibility

  • Vehicle positions

  • PES positions

  • CP Team positions (Secure venue – orthodox debus)

  • CP Team positions (Insecure venue – orthodox debus)

  • CP Team positions (Secure venue – unorthodox debus)

  • CP Team positions (Insecure venue – unorthodox debus)

• Joint US/ Chinese Government Team Embus Critique, (Ex-President George W Bush)

• High-Threat Protection Convoy’s

• Media Embus & Debus

Chapter 18

International Travel & Equipment

• Actions on notice of Intended Travel

  • Schedule

  • Passports

  • 2 Passports

  • Visas

  • Local currency

  • Hotel accommodation

  • Vehicles

  • Team attachments

    • Armoured vehicles

    • Weapons

  • Commercial Flights

• Clothing & Equipment

• Operational Kit

Chapter 19

Private Aircraft

• Passage of information

• Luggage accountability

• Counter-Surveillance

• Heli-moves

Chapter 20

Super Yachts, Mega Yachts & Giga Yachts

• CPT’s Knowledge & Understanding

  • The layout of the ship’s deck

  • The ship’s crew, personalities & responsibilities

  • The security systems installed

  • The ship’s travel and port schedule

• International Ship Port & Facility Code, (ISPS)

• Maritime security industry

• Close Protection on yachts

• Surveillance Detection

Chapter 21

Use of Weapons in CP Training & Operations

• Close Quarter Battle (CQB)

  • Types of weapons

• Military & Police Protection Units

  • Difference in operating methods between RMP CP, Police & SAS

  • Attitudes to firearms training

  • Individual qualities for CQB programs

Chapter 21 (Cont'd)

• Operational Planning for the Area(s) of Deployment/ Operational Environment

  • Weapon sourcing & selection

  • Procedures in ‘difficult’ countries

• Weapon Concealment, Covert Carriage, Comms and Ancillaries, Bags & Vests

  • Holsters

  • Use of Covert Weapon Bags, Harnesses & Vests

• The Basic Safety Rules & Fundamentals of CQB

  • The cardinal firearms safety rules

• Training for the Area(s) of Deployment/ Operational Environment

  • Maximising training effectiveness

  • Advanced applications

    • The aimed shot

    • The instinctive shot

    • Fire & manoeuvre

• Weapons Use & CP Operations in the United Kingdom

  • Prohibited weapons and ammunition in the United Kingdom

  • Can you conduct pre-deployment weapons training in the UK for operational countries requiring refresher shoots, team drills and tactics?

  • .22lr Rifles

  • Real Action Marker (RAM) Systems

  • Blank firing weapons

• UK Violent Crime Reduction Act

• Offensive Weapons

Chapter 21 (Cont'd)

• UK Law

  • S 141 Criminal Justice Act 1988 (Offensive Weapons) Order 1988

• Telescopic Truncheon (ASP Baton)

• Stun Guns

• CS Spray

• Rules of Engagement (ROE)

• Use of Force

• ROE for the CPT/ PSD

• Weapons – A Professional Embarrassment

Chapter 22

Close Protection Medic Training, Administration & Considerations

• Medical Training

• Disclaimers?

• Advanced Procedure – Chest Drains

• Casualty Evacuation/ Extraction (CASEVAC)

• Medical Coverage

• Reaction to Attack Training

• Equipment

• IBG Team Member Illness

• Vaccinations

Chapter 23

Operational Situational Awareness

• Operational Planning & Operational Observations

• Involuntary Attention

• Voluntary Attention

• Habitual Attention

• Interpretation

• Signs of Danger

• Ambush

  • Ambush principles

  • Ambush siting

  • Springing the ambush

Chapter 24

Surveillance

• Intrusive Surveillance

• Skills of a Typical Operator

• HUMINT

• Mobile Phones

• Computers

• Audio Transmission

  • UHF Transmitters

  • GSM Transmitters

  • GSM ‘Interceptor’ Landline & Room Listening Device

  • UHF Mini Telephone Transmitter

• Video Transmission

  • GSM 3G Cameras

Chapter 24 (Cont'd)

• Vehicle Tracking Devices

  • Passive versus active tracking

  • RF (Radio Frequency) trackers

  • GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) Trackers

  • GPS (Global Positioning System) Trackers

• Electro-Magnetic Radiation

• Laser Listening Device

• Near Silent Drill

• Other Government & Commercial Surveillance Devices

Chapter 25

Surveillance Awareness

• Composition of a Surveillance Team

• The 5 Main Types of Surveillance

• Commercial Influence on Surveillance Operations

• The Pick Up

  • Methods of insertion and types of OP

    • Rural location

    • Urban location

    • Vehicle position

    • Foot position

• The Follow

  • Communications

  • Target identification

  • Commentary

• The Housing

• The CP Mind-set Towards Surveillance

Chapter 26

Countering the Effects of Surveillance

• Counter Surveillance

• Anti-Surveillance

• The Effect of Surveillance on CP Operations

• The Amount & Manner in which Travel is Conducted by the Boss

  • Vehicle

  • Vehicle information

  • Private Aircraft

  • Private Yacht

• The Presence and Level of all Residence, Office and Vehicle Security

• The Security Awareness and Integrity of all Household, Administrative and Associated Staff

• Operational Procedure by the CPT

  • Web based

  • The Electoral Register

• Anti/ Counter Surveillance

  • Countering vehicle tracking devices

  • Tracker jammers

  • GPS tracker jammer

  • VHF Lo-Jack tracker jammer

  • Bomb Jammers

  • UHF/ VHF radio & mobile phone jammers

• Technical Surveillance Counter Measures (TSCM)

  • The threat

  • Oscor 5000E

  • Oscor Blue

  • Oscor Green

Chapter 26 (Cont'd)

• • Orion Non-Liner Junction Detector (NLJD)

  • Searchlight GSM Detector

• Hostile Activity Detection & Response

  • Counter surveillance team (CST)

  • Options after positively identifying

  • The response

• Hostile Surveillance Planning Cycle

  • Planning cycle

  • Needs of an attacker

• Proactive Actions of Anti & Counter Surveillance

Chapter 27

Covert Protection Operations: Protective Surveillance, Counter Surveillance and Counter Attack Team

• Protective Surveillance

  • Surveillance Detection

  • Prior to Embus

  • The Move

  • The Debus

• Counter Surveillance

• The Effectiveness of Reaction to Attack (Actual & Perceived)

• The Counter Attack Team

Chapter 28

Reaction to Attack – An Introduction

• React to What You See

• Embus Reaction To Attack Options

• Debus Reaction To Attack Options

• Pre-Attack Recognition & Identification Markers

• Principles of Reaction To Attack

  • Remove or Reduce the Threat

  • Place Assets Between the Threat and the VIP

  • Remove the Principal from the Threat

• Types of Attack

Chapter 29

Reaction to Attack – IBG

• A Static Action? – You may as Well be a ‘Figure 11 Target’

• ‘Splitting’ the Targets – Getting off the ‘X’

• IBG Fire & Manoeuvre

Chapter 30

Reaction to Attack – CPT

• CPT RTA & Extraction Drills

  • The Theory of Body Cover & Evacuate

  • Commercial Mistakes

• Immediate Action Drills

• Open Ground

• Pairs Fire & Manoeuvre

  • Problems

    • Stoppages

    • Secondary threats

    • Killed or injured PES

    • Injured Principal

Chapter 31

Reaction to Attack – Vehicle Anti-Ambush

• Introduction

• Principles of Vehicle Anti-Ambush

• Vehicle Anti-Ambush Drills

  • Response options

• One Car Drills

  • Drive Through (Gunmen Side)

    • Actions by the driver

    • Actions by the BG

  • Drive Through (Block Front - Gunmen Front)

  • Rapid Block Front/ Gunmen Front

    • Actions by the driver

    • Actions by the BG

  • Block Front – Not immediately confirmed hostile – Beware the decoy

    • Actions by the driver

    • Actions by the BG

  • Block Front and Rear (Gunman threat) – no drive through

• Two Car Drills

  • Drive Through (Gunmen Side)

  • Drive Through (Block Front - Gunmen Front)

  • Reverse Out (Block Front - Gunmen Front - No Drive Through)

  • Block Front & Rear - No Drive Through

  • Block Front (No Drive Through - Immobilised VIP Vehicle)

Chapter 31 (Cont'd)

• • Vehicle Immobilisation

    • Actions inside the vehicle

    • Actions outside the vehicle

  • Counter Attack Team Drills

  • CAT Going Firm

  • CAT Flanking Attack

  • CAT Attack The Threat(s)

• Three Car Drills

  • 3-Car Convoy Positions

  • Reverse Out (Block Front - Gunmen Front - No Drive Through)

  • Attacking the Ambush

• City Congestion

Chapter 32

Close Protection Team Leaders

• Close Protection & Corporate Security - Effective Emergency Decision-Making for the Team Leader/ Security Manager

• Leadership

Chapter 33

The United Kingdom Security Industry Authority, (SIA) Commercial Close Protection Licensing – A Travesty in the Making and a Warning for the Future

• The Need For Regulation

• Licensing Close Protection - SIA Training Core Competencies

• Accreditation of Prior Learning (APL)

• A Derogatory Debacle

• Points to Note

• The Omissions & Absence of Understanding the Provision of Close Protection

• SIA Training Limitations

• The SIA Consultation Process - It Takes Two to Quango

• The More the SIA Thinks, the More I Think They Shouldn’t Think More

• Close Protection - Future Regulation and Standards

 
Epilogue